Mechanical behavior of materials : engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue  international ed

Norman E. Dowling

For upper-level undergraduate engineering courses in Mechanical Behavior of Materials. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 4/e introduces the spectrum of mechanical behavior of materials, emphasizing practical engineering methods for testing structural materials to obtain their properties, and predicting their strength and life when used for machines, vehicles, and structures. With its logical treatment and ready-to-use format, it is ideal for upper-level undergraduate students who have completed elementary mechanics of materials courses.

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[目次]

  • 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Types of Material Failure 2 1.3 Design and Materials Selection 10 1.4 Technological Challenge 16 1.5 Economic Importance of Fracture 18 1.6 Summary 19 References 20 Problems and Questions 20 2 Structure and Deformation in Materials 22 2.1 Introduction 22 2.2 Bonding in Solids 24 2.3 Structure in Crystalline Materials 28 2.4 Elastic Deformation and Theoretical Strength 32 2.5 Inelastic Deformation 37 2.6 Summary 43 References 44 Problems and Questions 45 3 A Survey of Engineering Materials 47 3.1 Introduction 47 3.2 Alloying and Processing of Metals 48 3.3 Irons and Steels 54 3.4 Nonferrous Metals 62 3.5 Polymers 66 3.6 Ceramics and Glasses 76 3.7 Composite Materials 82 3.8 Materials Selection for Engineering Components 87 3.9 Summary 93 References 95 Problems and Questions 96 4 Mechanical Testing: Tension Test and Other Basic Tests 100 4.1 Introduction 100 4.2 Introduction to Tension Test 105 4.3 Engineering Stress--Strain Properties 110 4.4 Trends in Tensile Behavior 119 4.5 True Stress--Strain Interpretation of Tension Test 125 4.6 Compression Test 133 4.7 Hardness Tests 139 4.8 Notch-Impact Tests 146 4.9 Bending and Torsion Tests 151 4.10 Summary 157 References 158 Problems and Questions 159 5 Stress--Strain Relationships and Behavior 172 5.1 Introduction 172 5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior 173 5.3 Elastic Deformation 183 5.4 Anisotropic Materials 196 5.5 Summary 205 References 207 Problems and Questions 207 6 Review of Complex and Principal States of Stress and Strain 216 6.1 Introduction 216 6.2 Plane Stress 217 6.3 Principal Stresses and the Maximum Shear Stress 227 6.4 Three-Dimensional States of Stress 235 6.5 Stresses on the Octahedral Planes 242 6.6 Complex States of Strain 244 6.7 Summary 249 References 251 Problems and Questions 251 7 Yielding and Fracture under Combined Stresses 257 7.1 Introduction 257 7.2 General Form of Failure Criteria 259 7.3 Maximum Normal Stress Fracture Criterion 261 7.4 Maximum Shear Stress Yield Criterion 264 7.5 Octahedral Shear Stress Yield Criterion 270 7.6 Discussion of the Basic Failure Criteria 277 7.7 Coulomb--Mohr Fracture Criterion 283 7.8 Modified Mohr Fracture Criterion 293 7.9 Additional Comments on Failure Criteria 300 7.10 Summary 303 References 304 Problems and Questions 305 8 Fracture of Cracked Members 316 8.1 Introduction 316 8.2 Preliminary Discussion 319 8.3 Mathematical Concepts 326 8.4 Application of K to Design and Analysis 330 8.5 Additional Topics on Application of K 341 8.6 Fracture Toughness Values and Trends 353 8.7 Plastic Zone Size, and Plasticity Limitations on LEFM 363 8.8 Discussion of Fracture Toughness Testing 372 8.9 Extensions of Fracture Mechanics Beyond Linear Elasticity 373 8.10 Summary 380 References 383 Problems and Questions 384 9 Fatigue of Materials: Introduction and Stress-Based Approach 398 9.1 Introduction 398 9.2 Definitions and Concepts 400 9.3 Sources of Cyclic Loading 411 9.4 Fatigue Testing 412 9.5 The Physical Nature of Fatigue Damage 417 9.6 Trends in S-N Curves 423 9.7 Mean Stresses 433 9.8 Multiaxial Stresses 445 9.9 Variable Amplitude Loading 450 9.10 Summary 460 References 461 Problems and Questions 463 10 Stress-Based Approach to Fatigue: Notched Members 473 10.1 Introduction 473 10.2 Notch Effects 475 10.3 Notch Sensitivity and Empirical Estimates of k f 479 10.4 Estimating Long-Life Fatigue Strengths (Fatigue Limits) 483 10.5 Notch Effects at Intermediate and Short Lives 488 10.6 Combined Effects of Notches and Mean Stress 492 10.7 Estimating S-N Curves 502 10.8 Use of Component S-N Data 509 10.9 Designing to Avoid Fatigue Failure 518 10.10 Discussion 523 10.11 Summary 524 References 526 Problems and Questions 527 11 Fatigue Crack Growth 542 11.1 Introduction 542 11.2 Preliminary Discussion 543 11.3 Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Testing 551 11.4 Effects of R = Smin/Smax on Fatigue Crack Growth 556 11.5 Trends in Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior 566 11.6 Life Estimates for Constant Amplitude Loading 572 11.7 Life Estimates for Variable Amplitude Loading 583 11.8 Design Considerations 589 11.9 Plasticity Aspects and Limitations of LEFM for Fatigue Crack Growth 591 11.10 Environmental Crack Growth 598 11.11 Summary 603 References 605 Problems and Questions 606 12 Plastic Deformation Behavior and Models for Materials 620 12.1 Introduction 620 12.2 Stress--Strain Curves 623 12.3 Three-Dimensional Stress--Strain Relationships 631 12.4 Unloading and Cyclic Loading Behavior from Rheological Models 641 12.5 Cyclic Stress--Strain Behavior of Real Materials 650 12.6 Summary 663 References 665 Problems and Questions 666 13 Stress--Strain Analysis of Plastically Deforming Members 675 13.1 Introduction 675 13.2 Plasticity in Bending 676 13.3 Residual Stresses and Strains for Bending 685 13.4 Plasticity of Circular Shafts in Torsion 689 13.5 Notched Members 692 13.6 Cyclic Loading 704 13.7 Summary 715 References 716 Problems and Questions 717 14 Strain-Based Approach to Fatigue 727 14.1 Introduction 727 14.2 Strain Versus Life Curves 730 14.3 Mean Stress Effects 740 14.4 Multiaxial Stress Effects 749 14.5 Life Estimates for Structural Components 753 14.6 Discussion 763 14.7 Summary 771 References 772 Problems and Questions 773 15 Time-Dependent Behavior: Creep and Damping 784 15.1 Introduction 784 15.2 Creep Testing 786 15.3 Physical Mechanisms of Creep 791 15.4 Time--Temperature Parameters and Life Estimates 803 15.5 Creep Failure under Varying Stress 815 15.6 Stress--Strain--Time Relationships 818 15.7 Creep Deformation under Varying Stress 823 15.8 Creep Deformation under Multiaxial Stress 830 15.9 Component Stress--Strain Analysis 832 15.10 Energy Dissipation (Damping) in Materials 837 15.11 Summary 846 References 849 Problems and Questions 850 Appendix A Review of Selected Topics from Mechanics of Materials 862 A.1 Introduction 862 A.2 Basic Formulas for Stresses and Deflections 862 A.3 Properties of Areas 864 A.4 Shears, Moments, and Deflections in Beams 866 A.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels, Tubes, and Discs 866 A.6 Elastic Stress Concentration Factors for Notches 871 A.7 Fully Plastic Yielding Loads 872 References 881 Appendix B Statistical Variation in Materials Properties 882 B.1 Introduction 882 B.2 Mean and Standard Deviation 882 B.3 Normal or Gaussian Distribution 884</ B.5 One-Sided Tolerance Limits 887 B.6 Discussion 889 References 890 ANSWERS FOR SELECTED PROBLEMS AND QUESTIONS 891 BIBLIOGRAPHY 903 INDEX 916

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この本の情報

書名 Mechanical behavior of materials : engineering methods for deformation, fracture, and fatigue
著作者等 Dowling, Norman E.
巻冊次 international ed
出版元 Pearson
刊行年月 c2013
版表示 4th ed., 2nd print
ページ数 954 p.
大きさ 24 cm
ISBN 9780273764557
NCID BB28176977
※クリックでCiNii Booksを表示
言語 英語
出版国 アメリカ合衆国
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