The impartial spectator : Adam Smith's moral philosophy

D.D. Raphael

D. D. Raphael provides a critical account of the moral philosophy of Adam Smith, presented in his first book, The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Whilst it does not have the same prominence in its field as his work on economics, The Wealth of Nations, Smith's writing on ethics is of continuing importance and interest today, especially for its theory of conscience. Smith sees the origin of conscience in the sympathetic and antipathetic feelings of spectators. As spectators of the actions of other people, we can imagine how we would feel in their situation. If we would share their motives, we approve of their action. If not, we disapprove. When we ourselves take an action, we know from experience what spectators would feel, approval or disapproval. That knowledge forms conscience, an imagined impartial spectator who tells us whether an action is right or wrong. In describing the content of moral judgement, Smith is much influenced by Stoic ethics, with an emphasis on self-command, but he voices criticism as well as praise. His own position is a combination of Stoic and Christian values. There is a substantial difference between the first five editions of the Moral Sentiments and the sixth. Failure to take account of this has led some commentators to mistaken views about the supposed youthful idealism of the Moral Sentiments as contrasted with the mature realism of The Wealth of Nations. A further source of error has been the supposition that Smith treats sympathy as the motive of moral action, as contrasted with the supposedly universal motive of self-interest in The Wealth of Nations.

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[目次]

  • 1. Two Versions
  • 2. Sympathy and Imagination
  • 3. Motive and Consequence
  • 4. Spectator Theory
  • 5. The Impartial Spectator
  • 6. Comparisons and Comment
  • 7. Moral Rules
  • 8. Virtue
  • 9. The Cardinal Virtues
  • 10. Virtue and Beauty
  • 11. Ethics and Theology
  • 12. Jurisprudence
  • 13. Ethics and Economics
  • 14. Smith's Enduring Contribution

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この本の情報

書名 The impartial spectator : Adam Smith's moral philosophy
著作者等 Raphael, D. D.
Raphael D.D.
出版元 Clarendon Press;Oxford University Press
刊行年月 2007
ページ数 143 p.
大きさ 23 cm
ISBN 9780199213337
NCID BA80571414
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言語 英語
出版国 イギリス
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